Alternates are addressed starting with fuel in 14 CFR 91.167. It requires enough fuel to fly to the destination, the alternate, and then for 45 minutes at normal cruise speed. … So, for flights less than an hour both should be checked. Not just any airport qualifies as an alternate per 91.169(c).
What qualifies an airport as an alternate?
Alternates are addressed starting with fuel in 14 CFR 91.167. It requires enough fuel to fly to the destination, the alternate, and then for 45 minutes at normal cruise speed. … So, for flights less than an hour both should be checked. Not just any airport qualifies as an alternate per 91.169(c).
Are airports of intended landing as an alternate?
Destination alternate: An airport (aerodrome) to which an aircraft may proceed should it become impossible or inadvisable to land at the airport (aerodrome) of intended landing. …
When should I file alternate airport?
You need to name an alternate airport on your IFR flight plan if, for the period of time one hour before and one hour after your estimated time of arrival, the weather is forecast to include a ceiling of 2,000 feet agl and/or visibilities less than three statute miles (the 1-2-3 rule).Can your departure airport be your alternate?
A Take-off alternate is an aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land should this become necessary shortly after take-off and it is not possible to use the aerodrome of departure.
Why can't all airports be used as alternatives?
[Instrument Procedures Handbook, pg. 2-11] Not all airports can be used as alternate airports. An airport may not be qualified for alternate use if the airport NAVAID is unmonitored, is Global Positioning System (GPS) based, or if it does not have weather reporting capabilities.
Can you use a GPS approach as an alternative?
For airports with both ground-based navaid IAPs and GPS-based IAPs, the GPS-based IAPs typically would show as NA for filing as an alternate. The NOTAM now allows an option to flight plan for use of a GPS-based IAP at either the destination or the alternate airport, but not at both locations.
What is the 123 rule?
The Mariner’s 1-2-3 rule, also referred to as the Danger Rule, is an important guideline mariners follow to keep out of a tropical storm or hurricane’s path. It refers to the rounded long-term National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecast errors of 100-200-300 nautical miles at 24-48-72 hours, respectively.What action to take if your DME fails at or above fl240?
What action should you take if your DME fails at FL 240? Notify ATC of the failure and continue to the next airport of intended landing where repairs can be made.
What is departure alternate?Departure Alternate Planning is required for commercial airline operations. It considers the scenario where an engine fails and the aircraft is unable to return to its departure airport. In this case the planner usually considers flying for 60 minutes at current loading to find a suitable alternate airport.
Article first time published onWhat are IFR fuel requirements on a flight requiring an alternate?
If an alternate airport is required, which is determined by the forecast weather at the destination, then the 45 minutes of fuel must remain upon reaching the alternate.
What are takeoff minimums?
Note: a quick reminder, standard takeoff minimums for one and two engine airplanes is 1-mile visibility and a 1/2 mile visibility for 3-4 engine airplanes. You have the right to decline a SID as a Part 91 pilot if you don’t want to do it.
How do you know if you need a takeoff alternate?
IFR takeoff alternates are required when weather conditions are above takeoff minimums, but below landing minimums for the departure runway or airport. Takeoff alternates aren’t required under Part 91, and usually only apply to Part 135 or Part 121 Air Carriers.
How far away should an alternate airport be?
From one hour before until one hour after the aircraft’s estimated time of arrival, the destination forecast must call for a ceiling of at least 2,000 feet and a visibility of at least three statute miles. Anything less requires an alternate. But not every airport can serve as an IFR alternate.
Can you use an airport without an instrument approach as an alternate?
If you file an IFR flight plan to an airport with no instrument approach, you must have an alternate filed, even if the weather is completely clear.
Can you use RNAV for alternate?
(4) The Operator/Company may use suitable RNAV systems for flight planning at an alternate airport, provided planned availability of the substitute means of navigation is confirmed (e.g. NOTAMs and RAIM prediction for use of GPS and NOTAM/AIS checks for use of WAAS).
What standard minimums are required to list an airport as an alternate on an IFR flight plan if the airport has VOR approach only?
For aircraft other than helicopters, what minimum weather conditions must be forecast for your ETA at an alternate airport that has a Precision approach procedure, with standard alternate minimums in order to list it as an alternate for the IFR flight? 600 foot ceiling and 2 SM visibility at your ETA.
Do alternate minimums apply to helicopters?
For helicopters: Ceiling 200 feet above the minimum for the approach to be flown, and visibility at least 1 statute mile but never less than the minimum visibility for the approach to be flown. In case of no IAP at the alternate airport, then you must be able to visually descent from the MEA to land in VFR conditions.
Which flight time may be logged as instrument time?
(1) A person may log instrument time only for that flight time when the person operates the aircraft solely by reference to instruments under actual or simulated instrument flight conditions.
What is the maximum altitude that class G will exist?
Class G airspace within the United States extends up to 14,500′ Mean Sea Level (MSL) At and above this altitude is Class E, excluding the airspace less than 1500′ above the terrain and certain special use airspace areas.
When should pilots state their position on the airport when calling the tower for takeoff?
Pilots should state their position on the airport when calling the tower for takeoff from a runway intersection. Cleveland Tower, Apache Three Seven Two Two Papa, at the intersection of taxiway Oscar and runway two three right, ready for departure.
What is an IFR clearance?
An IFR clearance is an authorization for an aircraft to operate in the IFR System. … The limit of the IFR clearance, beyond which pilot cannot fly IMC, unless he either receives further clearance, or chooses to terminate his IFR flight plan.
Can you descend below DH?
If the reported visibility at the airport is below published minimums, you may not be able to descend below the decision altitude (DA), decision height (DH), or minimum descent altitude (MDA) for the approach you’re attempting.
Where do you find alternate takeoff minimums?
Alternate IFR Takeoff Minimums Part 121 and Part 135 operators must follow alternate minimums, which can be found in FAR 125.217.
When must a takeoff alternate be listed on the dispatch release?
When weather conditions at the departure airport fall below the landing minimums in the certificate holder’s operation specification (OpSpecs), a takeoff alternate airport must, per Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 121, § 121.617, Alternate airport for departure, be listed in the dispatch or …
What are weather minimums for an airfield to qualify as an alternate under Part 121 for your company?
Per 14 CFR 91.175 f(2), standard minimums are: 1sm (or 5000 RVR) visibility for a/c with 1-2 engines and ½ sm (2400 RVR) for aircraft with more than two engines. This blanket regulation applies to all Part 121 operators unless additional factors waive or supersede this FAR.
How much extra fuel must a flag rules flight carry if no alternate is required?
In addition to the en route fuel, alternate fuel, and the 10 percent en route reserve fuel, § 121.645(b)(4) requires the airplane to have enough fuel to fly for 30 minutes at holding speed at 1,500 feet above the alternate airport, or the destination airport if no alternate is required by § 121.621(a)(2) or 121.623(b).
Who has the right-of-way when two aircraft are on final approach?
When two or more aircraft are approaching an airport for the purpose of landing, the aircraft at the lower altitude has the right-of-way, but it shall not take advantage of this rule to cut in front of another which is on final approach to land or to overtake that aircraft.
What should you do if you are flying a head on collision course with another aircraft?
When aircraft are approaching each other head-on, or nearly so, each pilot of each aircraft shall alter course to the right. (f) Overtaking. Each aircraft that is being overtaken has the right-of-way and each pilot of an overtaking aircraft shall alter course to the right to pass well clear.
Can a student pilot fly into Class B airspace?
Generally, student and recreational pilots are not permitted to fly in Class B airspace, or to take off or land at a Class B airport.
What is RVR in aviation?
The RVR (Runway Visual Range) is required to support precision landing and takeoff operations in the NAS . The system measures visibility, background luminance, and runway light intensity to determine the distance a pilot should be able to see down the runway.
