Interception refers to precipitation that does not reach the soil, but is instead intercepted by the leaves, branches of plants and the forest floor. It occurs in the canopy (i.e. canopy interception), and in the forest floor or litter layer (i.e. forest floor interception
What is the rainfall interception?
Introduction. Rainfall interception is the fraction of rain that falls onto vegetation but never reaches the ground, instead evaporating from the wet canopy.
How does interception affect flooding?
Interception can reduce the amount of rainfall reaching the ground by as much as 45% or more for some types of forests. A reduction of even half of this amount could therefore make a major contribution to flood control.
What is infiltration in geography?
Infiltration – Water soaks or filters into the soil. Surface runoff – Water moves across the surface of the earth becoming a stream, tributary or river. … Percolation – Water moving from the soil into the spaces (pores) in the rock.What is interception storage in hydrology?
Interception Storage: The ability of vegetation surfaces to collect and retain Precipitation, capacity will be highest at the onset of rainfall when the vegetation is dry, when water is held by surface tension.
What is the difference between infiltration and interception?
The highest level of interception occurs when it snows on conifer forests and hardwood forests that have not yet lost their leaves. Infiltration is the physical process involving movement of water through the boundary area where the atmosphere interfaces with the soil.
What are the main components of interception?
- Interception Loss.
- Throughfall.
- Stemflow.
What is Baseflow in geography?
Base flow is a portion of the stream flow that is not runoff; it is water from the ground, flowing into the channel over a long time and with a certain delay.Is interception a store or flow?
Stores include puddles, rivers, lakes (surface storage), glaciers, soil storage and groundwater storage along with water stored on vegetation (interception) following precipitation. Transfers or flows include percolation, overland flow, infiltration, stemflow, throughflow and overland flow.
What is infiltration water cycle?Infiltration is the movement of water into the ground from the surface. Percolation is movement of water past the soil going deep into the groundwater. … Groundwater is the flow of water under- ground in aquifers. The water may return to the surface in springs or eventually seep into the oceans.
Article first time published onWhat are the factors affecting interception?
We confirmed the factors affecting interception loss by using an interception model based on the tank model. The artificial forest simulations provide new evidence that interception loss is influenced by the PAI, rainfall intensity, saturation deficit, and wind speed.
How does snow affect interception?
Over the study period, approximately 60% of snowfall was intercepted by the canopy (up to a maximum of about 40 mm water equivalent). … However, apparent average sublimation from the intercepted snow was less than 1 mm per day and totaled approximately 100 mm per winter season.
What affects interception?
Interception varies with the species, its age and density of stands. About 10 to 20% of precipitation occurring in the growing season is intercepted. It is lost substantially by way of evaporation from leaves. In dense tall vegetation interception is quite substantial.
What is vegetation interception?
Most precipitation reaches the ground, but not all of it, as some is stopped by vegetation, a process known as interception. … The proportion of the precipitation that does not reach the ground, the interception loss, depends on the type of vegetation, its age, density of planting and the season of the year.
How does interception affect transpiration?
We conclude that interception mainly works as an intensifier of the local hydrological cycle during wet spells and wet seasons. On the other hand, transpiration remains active during dry spells and dry seasons and is transported over much larger distances downwind, where it can act as a significant source of moisture.
How does interception affect the water balance of a catchment?
Interception has no impact on precipitation, none on soil water storage, and so it does not change the values for evapotranspiration during the summer. The resulting interception losses, therefore, have an effect on flows only during the winter period and can be estimated only within that framework.
What is the process of interception?
Interception refers to all processes that prevent rainfall from immediately reaching the soil. Vegetation intercepts water in two ways: by catching rainfall on leaf surfaces throughout the canopy, and through the litter that it deposits on the ground.
Why is interception important?
The most important role is as a rainfall reducer, causing a significant amount of rainfall to be directly fed back to the atmosphere which is not available for infiltration. Second, interception influences the spatial distribution of infiltration.
What is groundwater interception?
Interception refers to precipitation that does not reach the soil, but is instead intercepted by the leaves, branches of plants and the forest floor.
What is meant by interception loss?
Interception loss is that portion. of the precipitation which is returned to the. atmosphere through evaporation from plant. surfaces or is absorbed into the plant.
What does interception loss include?
include evaporation, through flow and stemflow. includes evaporation and transpiration losses. …
Is interception an input?
Inputs: How water is introduced into the drainage basin system . … Stores: How water is stored or held for a period of time within the drainage basin system – interception (by vegetation), soil moisture, surface storage (lakes), groundwater.
What is the inter relationship between interception and overland flow?
Interception of precipitation by vegetation imposes additional spatial variability on the input of rain to the land surface (Konishi et al., 2006). In response to water input, overland flow develops after water ponded on the land surface rises high enough that it can begin to flow downslope.
Is interception a transfer?
Water that has been intercepted by foliage may also be transferred, either directly as throughfall, or by running down branches and stems via stemflow.
What is Baseflow in a river?
The volume and rate of water moving as baseflow can be affected by macropores, micropores, and other fractured conditions in the soil and shallow geomorphic features. Infiltration to recharge subsurface storage increases baseflow. Evapotranspiration reduces baseflow because trees absorb water from the ground.
Is Baseflow a constant?
Abstract A baseflow recession constant, which can be derived from a simple exponential equation, is used to characterize the behaviour of low flows. … The derivation and quantification of the baseflow recession constant is of importance in low flow studies.
What is Baseflow separation?
In this method the separation of the base flow is achieved by joining with a straight line the beginning of the surface runoff to a point on the recession limb representing the end of the direct runoff. … This point is joined to point B by a straight line. Segment AC and CB demarcate the base flow and surface runoff.
What process occurs in clouds?
The process of water changing from a gas to a liquid is called “condensation,” and when gas changes directly into a solid, it is called “deposition.” These two processes are how clouds form.
Is transpiration part of the water cycle?
water cycle, also called hydrologic cycle, cycle that involves the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-atmosphere system. Of the many processes involved in the water cycle, the most important are evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.
Is precipitation a transfer or transformation?
Then, they can use examples from the water cycle to clearly explain the differences: An example of transfer can be precipitation. This is when water in the form of ice, rain, sleet, hail or snow, falls onto the earth. Another example could be the flow/movement of water through a river.
Which type of plants has the highest interception loss?
A different characteristic revealed in it is the issue of leaf area. The highest interception rate in cashew was 51.03 while in Pinus for example has highest interception rate of 76.66%. This reveals the effect of leaf area on interception loss per event.
